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St Xavier's Institution is a boys' school in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. It was established in 1852〔(Big bash set to forge closer ties by Choong, Kwee Kim published in The Star, Thursday, 19 December 2002 )〕〔(Arrival of the La Salle Brothers, De La Salle Brothers, Sabah, Malaysia )〕 and named after Saint Francis Xavier, the pioneering Christian missionary and co-founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order).〔(Koay A. (2012) 'Legacy of learning' in The Star 13 February 2012 )〕〔(About St. Xavier's from St. Xavier's Institution's Official Website )〕〔(Siebert, Dr. A. E. (2002) 'Early Catholic Church, La Salle Education and The Penang Story' in The Penang Story – International Conference 2002 18-21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia Organisers: The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications )〕 While being a boys' school, girls are also admitted, albeit only in Form 6.〔The Straits Times, 28 March 1971, Page 3: Girls were admitted after World War II〕 The abbreviated name for the school is SXI with the pupils known as Xaverians or Lasallians,but among the students they were popular with the abbreviation SAINTS. ==History== St. Xavier's Institution is the oldest surviving formal school in Penang and possibly Malaysia. While the year 1852 is inscribed on the school building, the history of the school begins much earlier than that. 〔(Chin, C. (2011) 'School's untold story' in in The Star 23 July 2011: The late Karl Wolf @ Rev. Bro. Charles Levin, insisting that the story behind St. Xavier's Institution must be set straight, revealed that St. Xavier's was the oldest surviving school in the whole of Malaysia, having actually been established in 1787, and not 1852 as inscribed on school building. "SXI had its beginnings in 1787 when Captain Francis Light invited French priest Father Arnold Garnault to come to the island to set up two schools — one for the girls and another for the boys, and a church on a piece of land in George Town (a site bounded by Church Street and Bishop Street)," he said, adding, "these facts were documented in Francis Brown’s book ‘La Salle-Brothers Malaya & Singapore 1852 - 1952‘." The original medium of instruction, when St. Xavier's began, was Malay but this changed to English after Hutchings School (known today as Penang Free School) was established, 29 years later, in 1816. )〕 On 25 August 1786 Reverend Father (and then later Bishop of Siam and Queda upon the demise of Bishop Conde) Domino Arnaldo Antonio-Garnault (who was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Siam), who had been residing at Cochin China and Siam (Thailand today), having been expelled with the rest of the Societe des Missions Etrangeres de Paris (MEP) from neighbouring Thailand in 1781, arrived from Kedah. Captain Light noted that Garnault was acquainted with the languages of those countries. Garnault asked Light for permission to build a Church at Penang and while Light sought to make excuses, Garnault, together with his people and asked permission to settle. Garnault picked a spot in the woods about four hundred yards from the fort (what would become Fort Cornwallis). He established a Malay language school in an attap shed in a stretch of mangrove swamp that eventually became Church Street. Monsignor Jean-Baptiste Boucho (who arrived in 1824) of the Paris Foreign Missions, with an allowance of a hundred Piastres a month from Governor Fullerton, moved the school from the church compound to a brick house he had constructed, turned it into an English-medium school for boys in 1825 and renamed it the Catholic Free School. On 20 April 1852, St. Francis Xavier's Free School, as it was known as then, and its 80 pupils came under the management of the De La Salle Brotherhood under the responsibility of two French Brothers, Lothaire-Marie Combes and Venere Chapuit and one American Brother, Jerome.〔Educational directory of Malaysia and Singapore, 1965, Editors John Victor Morais, P. Philip Pothen, Published 1965, PP 10 & 123〕〔Christianity in Southeast Asia by Robbie B. H. Goh, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005, P51〕〔My people, my country, Bernard Sta Maria, Malacca Portuguese Development Centre, 1982, P114〕〔(Time Honoured Brother Directors, e-Lasallian Network )〕〔(Legacy of learning By ALLAN KOAY, The Star, Monday February 13, 2012 )〕〔Cornwallis in Bengal; the administrative and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, together with accounts of the commercial expansion of the East India Company, 1786-1793, and of the foundation of Penang, 1786-1793, by A Aspinall, Manchester University Press, 1931, P194.〕〔(Christian Mission in Malaysia: Past emphasis, present engagement & future possibilities by Maria Perpetua Kana LL.M. (Dissertation), Australian Catholic University Research Services, 24 March 2004 )〕〔The Journey of the Catholic Church in Malaysia 1511-1996 by Maureen Chew, Catholic Research Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2000, P84〕〔Histoire de la mission de Siam 1662-1811: Documents historiques, Volume 1, Adrien Launay, Missions etrangères de Paris, 1920, P361〕〔Malaya's first British pioneer: the life of Francis Light, Harold Parker Clodd, published by Luzac, 1948, P57〕〔An Indonesian frontier: Acehnese and other histories of Sumatra by Anthony Reid, NUS Press, 2005, ISBN 9971-69-298-8, ISBN 978-9971-69-298-8, P159〕〔Dublin review: a quarterly and critical journal, Volume 5, 1838, P568〕〔History of the Church and Churches in Malaysia and Singapore (1511-2000), by Fr. P. Decroix, MEP〕 On Nov 1786 Francis Light writes to Mr John Fergusson, "Our inhabitants increase very fast -- Chooliars, Chinese, and Christians; they are already disputing about ground, every one building as fast as they can. The French Padre from Quedda has erected his cross here, and in two months more it will never be believed that this place was never before inhabited." (In 1785 Captain Light mentions that a French Padre, Antonio Garnault (bishop and vicar-general), came from Cochin China to Penang.〔A Short Sketch of the Lives of Francis and William Light, the Founders of Penang and Adelaide, by Archibald Francis Steuart, published by S. Low, Marston & Co, pp23-24〕 The Rev. Father Decroix of the Church of the Assumption writes: "On his return from Pondicherry the first care of Mg. Garnault was to provide for the education of children of the parish. Three young Siamese ladies were eager to consecrate their lives to the service of God and of the Church. They were given the Rule of the “Amantes de la Croix” a well-known Asian religious congregation, and established themselves a house in China Street known to their contemporaries as the “Little Convent”. Besides this convent the Sisters founded a school for boys and an orphanage for girls. The Malay language was the medium of instruction in the school."〔A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF THE ASSUMPTION by the Rev. Fr. Paul Decroix, Penang Talk, December 2003〕 From One Hundred Years of Singapore we read, "...Rev. Father J. M. Beurel, who was very anxious to ensure to the boys entrustedto his care the advantages of a sound religious and secular education. As far back as 1841 we find him working with a view of securing the services of the Christian Brothers for educational purposes in Singapore. The Superior-General of the Congregation, whowas then residing in Paris, appeared to have been more or less opposed to the project ; but the Rev. Father did not desist from his purpose, and finally proceeded in person to Paris to plead his cause. His journey was not fruitless, for towards the close of March 1852 he returned to the scene of his labours with six Brothers, three of whom were destined for Singapore, and the others for St. Xavier's, Penang, an analogous establishment."〔One hundred years of Singapore : being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on 6 February 1819 to 6 February 1919, JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W., 1921〕 In 1856 its student population increases to 125 and in 1857 it was relocated to a newly completed building of 30x50 metres on Farquhar Street, and renamed St. Xavier's Institution.〔(Legacy of learning By ALLAN KOAY, The Star, Monday 13 February 2012 )〕 In 1906, the building known as Noah's Ark (because it was said to resemble a ship), built by the parish priest of Pulau Tikus as its first village school was handed over to the Christian Brothers and then became a branch of the St. Xavier's School.〔Modern dreams: an inquiry into power, cultural production, and the cityscape in contemporary urban Penang, Malaysia Issue 31 of Studies on Southeast Asia G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series by Beng-Lan Goh, SEAP Publications, 2002, P74, ISBN 0-87727-730-3, ISBN 978-0-87727-730-9〕 SXI entered its pupils for government scholarships , the prestigious Queen's Scholarships, and from 1892, for the Cambridge exams. The building was enlarged, and in 1900 the enrolment rate was over 400 pupils. During the 1900s, Penang rose up to be a major shipping port, due to the rise of tin mining and rubber industry. Strict health regulations, the invention of motorcar, the need for rubber tyres and electricity, all these brought prosperity to Penang. SXI had over 1000 pupils. The boarding department was flourishing, the school has a spacious playing field and a cadet corps was formed. 〔(Loh, Prof. Dr. W. L. (2002) 'Penang’s Trade and Shipping in The Imperial Age: The 19th Century' in The Penang Story – International Conference 2002 18-21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia Organisers: The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications )〕〔Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia From Ankor Wat to East Timor. p.1049〕〔Khoo S. N. (2006) More Than Merchants: A History of the German-speaking Community in Penang, 1800s - 1940s. Penang: Acrea Books. p.56〕〔ASEAN (1997) ASEAN Economic Co-operation: Transition & Transformation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p.149.〕〔Shipping World (1958) Ports of the World, Volume 15. Shipping World Ltd. pp.692-694.〕 The original building was destroyed in World War II when the allied nations bombed the school which has been used as the naval headquarters for the Imperial Army of Japan in December 1941. School was suspended during this period. When the war ended, schooling resumed with the pupils being educated in "attap huts" on what is now the school field ''pro tem'' while the buildings were reconstructed. The current building was completed in 1952. The school is affiliated with two primary schools which had split away from the main school body after the war. Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan (SRK) St. Xavier's is the main primary school, located in Air Itam, while a branch primary school, Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan (SRK) St. Xavier's Cawangan (formerly known as (St. Xavier's Branch School )) is at Jalan Brother James, in Pulau Tikus. Although the primary schools do not have strong associations with each other, the majority of graduates from both primary schools move on to attend the secondary forms in St. Xavier's Institution. The city of Georgetown was granted UNESCO World Heritage status in July 2008, with St. Xavier's Institution as one of the heritage sites.〔Chua, Eddie. "Unesco Accepts George Town and Malacca as World Heritage Sites." Archives | The Star Online. Star Publications (M) Bhd., 8 July 2008. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. In 2013, keeping with the vision of Dato' Reverend Brother Charles Levin, the School placed a plaque on its main gate. A Malaysian national daily recorded that the plaque "describes SXI's history from 1787 when French priest Arnold Garnault initiated the St. Francis Xavier's Free School."〔Loh, Arnold. "A Brother's Legacy Lives on - Community | The Star Online." A Brother's Legacy Lives on - Community | The Star Online. Star Publications (M) Bhd, 7 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Xavier's Institution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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